Toronto’s Health Department in Action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003
Identifieur interne : 003865 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003864; suivant : 003866Toronto’s Health Department in Action: Influenza in 1918 and SARS in 2003
Auteurs : Heather Macdougall [Canada]Source :
- Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences [ 1468-4373 ] ; 2007.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- April, Assoc, Barbara yaffe, Basrur, Campbell reports, Carolyn abraham, Charles hastings, Communicable, Communicable disease control, Connaught laboratories, Curative services, Danylo hawaleshka, Disease control, Disease control efforts, Disease outbreaks, Dundurn press, Epidemic, Federal authorities, Federal government, Federal health department, Funding, Hastings, Health association, Health authorities, Health canada, Health care workers, Health department, Health education, Heather macdougall, Hist, Index case, Infectious disease, Influenza, Influenza epidemic, January, July, Justice archie campbell, Justice campbell, Local board, Local health departments, Macdougall, Macdougall influenza, Medical officer, Neighbourhood workers, November, October, Ontario, Outbreak, Pandemic, Prophylactic vaccine, Provincial, Provincial authorities, Provincial board, Provincial government, Provincial governments, Provincial health departments, Public health, Public health administration, Public health legislation, Public health nurses, Public health nursing, Reportable disease, Sars, Sars commission, Sars outbreak, Sars vaccine, Scarborough grace hospital, Scientific triumphalism, Sheela, Sheela basrur, Silent enemy, Toronto, Toronto archives, Toronto board, Toronto health, Toronto press, Toronto star, Toronto world, Torontonians, Vaccine, World health organization.
Abstract
This article compares the Toronto Health Department’s role in controlling the 1918 influenza epidemic with its activities during the SARS outbreak in 2003 and concludes that local health departments are the foundation for successful disease containment, provided that there is effective coordination, communication, and capacity. In 1918, Toronto’s MOH Charles Hastings was the acknowledged leader of efforts to contain the disease, care for the sick, and develop an effective vaccine, because neither a federal health department nor an international body like WHO existed. During the SARS outbreak, Hastings’s successor, Sheela Basrur, discovered that nearly a decade of underfunding and new policy foci such as health promotion had left the department vulnerable when faced with a potential epidemic. Lack of cooperation by provincial and federal authorities added further difficulties to the challenge of organizing contact tracing, quarantine, and isolation for suspected and probable cases and providing information and reassurance to the multi-ethnic population. With growing concern about a flu pandemic, the lessons of the past provide a foundation for future communicable disease control activities.
Url:
DOI: 10.1093/jhmas/jrl042
Affiliations:
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